The cleaning action of soap and detergent is the same.
Soaps and detergents have the ability to :
- lower the surface tension of water
- emulsify oil or grease
- hole the emulsion in suspension in water
sodium soap dissolves in water to form soap anions & sodium cations.
a soap anions consist of 2 parts, they are :
- carboxylate ion : hyrophilic part that is soluble in water
- long hydrocarbon tail : soluble in grease or oil
detergent also dissolves in water to form detergent anions and sodium cations.
detergent anion also consist of 2 :
- sulphate ion : hydrophilic part that soluble in water
- long hydrocarbon tail : soluble in grease or oils
- when soap or detergent is added to water, the hydrophilic part of the soap or detergent anion dissolves in water. The hydrocarbon tail which is a hydrophobic part dissolves in grease, thus lowering the surface tension and increasing the wetting ability of water.
- mechanical agitation during scrubbing helps to pull the grease free and break the grease into small droplets, thus emulsifying the oil or grease.
- repulsion forces between the negative charges on the surface prevent the drpolets from redepositing on the cloth surface, hence holding the droplets in suspension in water and forming an emulsion.
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