Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids.
Soaps are produced when alkalis reacts with fatty acids.
Fatty acid + alkali --> soap + water
SOAP PREPARATION PROCESS..
Soaps are prepared by hydrolysing fats or oils under alkaline condition.
This alkaline hydrolysis reaction is called saponification.
The saponification process involves boiling fats or oils with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution or concentrated potassium hydroxide solution to produce glycerol and the salts of fatty acids (soaps)
SAPONIFICATION PROCESS
Saponification involves 2 steps :
- hydrolysis of fats or oils to produce glycerol and fatty acids
- neutralisation of fatty acids and concentrated alkali to produce soap and water
Soap that is produced ca be precipitated out from the mixture by adding sodium chloride.
Sodium chloride reduces the solubility of soap in water. The soap is then obtained through filtration
TYPE OF SOAPS & THEIR RESPECTIVE PROPERTIES
SOLID SOAP
- harder soap
- made from sodium hydroxide and saturated oils such as coconut oil
- used for bathing
LIQUID SOAP
- softer soap
- made from potassium hydroxide and unsaturated oil such as olive oil
- used as liquid soap and shaving cream
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